Starty kosmických objektů v roce 1996
Zpět na : [ Obsah | Novinky v kosmonautice | Archiv startů ]
Na následujících řádcích uvádím v originále celý Jonathan's Space Report No.309,
který přináší přehled všech raket a užitečných zatížení vypuštěných v roce 1996.
ORBITAL PAYLOADS 1996
PART 1 - List and current status
Orbits are given for late Dec 1996:
perigee (km) x apogee (km) x inclination (deg)
INT'L NAME AGENCY TYPE LAUNCH ORBIT OR STATUS
DESIGN. DATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01A Endeavour STS-72 NASA-JSC Spaceship Jan 11 Landed at KSC Jan 20
01A SLA-1/GAS NASA-GSFC Research Jan 11 Remained attached to OV-105
02A Panamsat 3R Panamsat Comsat Jan 12 35779x 35796x 0.0 43.0W
02B Measat 1 Binariang Comsat Jan 12 35783x 35792x 0.0 91.4E
03A Koreasat 2 KTel Comsat Jan 12 35782x 35792x 0.0 116.0E
01B OAST-Flyer NASA-GSFC Research Jan 14 Recovered by OV-105 Jan 16
04A Kosmos-2327 MO RF Navsat Jan 16 949x 1023x 83.0
05A Gorizont No. 43 MSvyazi Comsat Jan 25 35777x 35801x 0.9 39.8E
06A Palapa C-1 Satelindo Comsat Feb 1 35777x 35798x 0.0 150.4E
07A N-STAR b NTT Comsat Feb 5 35715x 35876x 0.1 128.9E
- Intelsat 708 Intelsat Comsat Feb 14 Destroyed on launch
08A NEAR NASA/APL Probe Feb 17 En route (253) Mathilde
09A Gonets-D1 No. 1 NII TP Comsat Feb 19 1399x 1414x 82.6
09B Gonets-D1 No. 2 NII TP Comsat Feb 19 1406x 1415x 82.6
09C Gonets-D1 No. 3 NII TP Comsat Feb 19 1410x 1415x 82.6
09D Kosmos-2328 MO RF Comsat Feb 19 1408x 1417x 82.6
09E Kosmos-2329 MO RF Comsat Feb 19 1411x 1421x 82.6
09F Kosmos-2330 MO RF Comsat Feb 19 1412x 1427x 82.6
10A Raduga MO RF Comsat Feb 19 259x 36582x 47.2
11A Soyuz TM-23 RKA Spaceship Feb 21 Landed in Kazakhstan Sep 2
12A Columbia STS-75 NASA-JSC Spaceship Feb 22 Landed at KSC Mar 9
13A Polar NASA-GSFC Research Feb 24 5554x 50423x 86.3
12B TSS ASI Research Feb 26 Reentered Mar 19
14A REX 2 USAF Research Mar 9 799x 835x 90.0
15A Intelsat 707 Intelsat Comsat Mar 14 35774x 35797x 0.0 0.9W
16A Kosmos-2331 MO RF Recon Mar 14 Deorbited Jun 11
17A IRS-P3 ISRO Earth Obs Mar 21 818x 821x 98.8
18A Atlantis STS-76 NASA-JSC Spaceship Mar 22 Landed at Edwards Mar 31
18A ODS NASA-JSC Spaceship Mar 22 Remained attached to OV-104
18A Spacehab FU2 NASA-JSC Lab Mar 22 Remained attached to OV-104
19A GPS 33 USAF Navsat Mar 28 20106x 20257x 54.6
20A Inmarsat III F1 Inmarsat Comsat Apr 3 35765x 35805x 2.2 64.1E
21A Astra 1F SES Comsat Apr 8 35778x 35793x 0.1 19.3E
22A M-SAT 1 TMI Comsat Apr 20 35777x 35794x 0.0 106.5W
23A Priroda RKA Spaceship Apr 23 Docked with Mir Apr 26
24A MSX BMDO Research Apr 24 897x 907x 99.4
25A Kosmos-2332 MO RF Calibrat. Apr 24 294x 1548x 82.9
26A USA 118 NRO/USAF Sigint Apr 24 30000?x 40000?x 10?
27A SAX ASI Astronomy Apr 30 584x 601x 4.0
28A Progress M-31 RKA Cargo May 5 Deorbited Aug 1, Pacific
29A USA 119 NRO Recon May 12 Unknown orbit
29B USA 120 NRO/USN Recon May 12 1058x 1157x 63.4
29C USA 121 NRO/USN Recon May 12 1055x 1160x 63.4
29D USA 122 NRO/USN Recon May 12 1060x 1156x 63.4
29E USA 123/TIPS NRO/USN Research May 12 1010x 1032x 63.4
29F USA 124/TIPS NRO/USN Research May 12 1010x 1032x 63.4
- Kosmos MO RF Recon May 14 Destroyed on launch
30A Palapa C2 Satelindo Comsat May 16 35780x 35790x 0.0 113.0E
30B AMOS IAI Comsat May 16 35770x 35802x 0.0 4.1W
31A MSTI-3 BMDO Research May 17 420x 432x 97.1
32A Endeavour STS-77 NASA-JSC Spaceship May 19 Landed KSC May 29
32A Spacehab FU1 NASA-JSC Lab May 19 Remained attached to OV-105
32A TEAMS NASA-GSFC Research May 19 Remained attached to OV-105
32A GBA-9 NASA-GSFC Research May 19 Remained attached to OV-105
32B Spartan 207 NASA-GSFC Research May 20 Retrieved May 21
32C IAE NASA/JPL Research May 20 Reentered May 22
32D PAMS STU NASA-GSFC Research May 22 Reentered Oct 26
33A Galaxy 9 HCI Comsat May 23 35783x 35789x 0.0 123.0W
34A Gorizont No. 44 MSvyazi Comsat May 25 35718x 35851x 1.1 53.2E
- Cluster F1 ESA Research Jun 4 Destroyed on launch
- Cluster F2 ESA Research Jun 4 Destroyed on launch
- Cluster F3 ESA Research Jun 4 Destroyed on launch
- Cluster F4 ESA Research Jun 4 Destroyed on launch
35A Intelsat 709 Intelsat Comsat Jun 15 35779x 35795x 0.0 50.0W
36A Columbia STS-78 NASA-JSC Spaceship Jun 20 Landed KSC Jul 7
36A Spacelab LMS-1 NASA-MSFC Lab Jun 20 Landed aboard STS-78
- Kosmos MO RF Recon Jun 20 Destroyed on launch
37A TOMS-EP NASA-GSFC Earth Obs Jul 2 490x 510x 97.4
38A USA 125 NRO Comsat? Jul 3 Unknown orbit
39A Apstar 1A APT Comsat Jul 3 35785x 35791x 0.0 133.9E
40A Arabsat 2A Arabsat Comsat Jul 9 35781x 35792x 0.0 26.0E
40B Turksat 1C Turkey Comsat Jul 9 35779x 35794x 0.0 42.0E
41A GPS 40 USAF Navsat Jul 16 20127x 20237x 55.1
42A UHF F/O F7 USN Comsat Jul 25 35784x 35791x 4.9 23.2W
43A Progress M-32 RKA Cargo Jul 31 Deorbited Nov 20, Pacific
44A Italsat F2 Telesp. Comsat Aug 8 35771x 35801x 0.0 13.2E
44B Telecom 2D FrTel Comsat Aug 8 35771x 35803x 0.2 4.9W
45A Molniya-1T MO RF Comsat Aug 14 645x 39701x 62.9
46A ADEOS NASDA Earth Obs Aug 17 799x 800x 98.6
46B Fuji-Oscar 29 JARL Comsat Aug 17 801x 1323x 98.6
47A Soyuz TM-24 RKA Spaceship Aug 17 Docked Mir Aug 19
48A Zhongxing 7 CTBSC Comsat Aug 18 21674x 46499x 26.3
49A FAST NASA-GSFC Research Aug 21 353x 4163x 83.0
50B Interbol 2 RKA Research Aug 29 791x 19186x 62.8
50C Magion 5 Czech Research Aug 29 804x 19176x 62.8
50A Microsatelite Cordoba Research Aug 29 239x 1093x 62.8
51A Kosmos-2333 MO RF Sigint Sep 4 845x 855x 71.0
52A Kosmos-2334 MO RF Navsat Sep 5 966x 1011x 82.9
52B Mexico-Oscar 30 UNAM Research Sep 5 966x 1010x 82.9
53A Inmarsat III F2 Inmarsat Comsat Sep 6 35766x 35807x 2.5 15.5W
54A GE 1 Americom Comsat Sep 8 35780x 35793x 0.0 103.0W
55A Echostar II Echostar Comsat Sep 11 35776x 35795x 0.0 119.0W
56A GPS 30 USAF Navsat Sep 12 20042x 20320x 54.7
57A Atlantis STS-79 NASA-JSC Spaceship Sep 16 Landed KSC Sep 26
57A ODS NASA-JSC Spaceship Sep 16 Remained attached to OV-104
57A Spacehab-DM NASA-JSC Lab Sep 16 Remained attached to OV-104
58A Ekspress No. 12 Informk. Comsat Sep 26 35778x 35794x 0.1 80.0E
59A FSW-2 China Earth Obs Oct 20 Landed in China Nov 4
60A Molniya-3 MSvyazi Comsat Oct 24 648x 39709x 62.9
61A SAC-B CONAE Astronomy Nov 4 487x 555x 38.0
61A HETE NASA-GSFC Astronomy Nov 4 487x 555x 38.0
62A Mars Global Surv. NASA/JPL Mars probe Nov 7 En route Mars
63A Arabsat 2B Arabsat Comsat Nov 13 35785x 35788x 0.0 21.9E
63B Measat 2 Binariang Comsat Nov 13 35781x 35792x 0.0 148.0E
64A Mars-96 RKA Mars probe Nov 16 Reentered Nov 17, Bolivia
65A Columbia STS-80 NASA-JSC Spaceship Nov 19 Landed at KSC Dec 7
66A Progress M-33 RKA Cargo Nov 19 Docked with Mir Nov 22
65B ORFEUS DLR Astronomy Nov 20 Retrieved Dec 4
67A Hot Bird 2 Eutelsat Comsat Nov 21 35768x 35803x 0.0 13.0E
65C WSF NASA/SVEC Materials Nov 23 Retrieved Nov 26
68A Mars Pathfinder NASA/JPL Mars Probe Dec 4 En route Mars
69A Kosmos-2335 MO RF Recon Dec 11 403x 418x 65.0
70A Inmarsat III F3 Inmarsat Comsat Dec 18 35698x 35877x 2.6 157.6E
71A Kosmos-2336 MO RF Navsat Dec 20 979x 1012x 82.9
72A USA 129 NRO/CIA Recon Dec 20 153x 949x 97.9
73A Bion No. 11 RKA Life Sci Dec 24 216x 375x 62.8
PART 2: Manufacturers/Designers.
Des Name Manufacturer Bus
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01A OV-105 Boeing NA Shuttle
02A Panamsat 3R Hughes HS-601
02B Measat 1 Hughes HS-376
03A Koreasat 2 LMT Series 3000
01B Spartan 206 NASA-GSFC Spartan
04A Kosmos-2327 Polyot Parus
05A Gorizont No. 43 NPO PM Gorizont
06A Palapa C-1 Hughes HS-601
07A N-STAR b Loral FS-1300
- Intelsat 708 Loral FS-1300
08A NEAR APL NEAR
09A Gonets-D1 NPO PM Strela-3
09B Gonets-D1 NPO PM Strela-3
09C Gonets-D1 NPO PM Strela-3
09D Kosmos-2328 NPO PM Strela-3
09E Kosmos-2329 NPO PM Strela-3
09F Kosmos-2330 NPO PM Strela-3
10A Raduga NPO PM Raduga
11A 7K-STM No. 72 Energiya 7K-STM
12A OV-102 Boeing NA Shuttle
13A Polar LMT GGS
12B TSS Alenia TSS
14A REX 2 CTA DSI
15A Intelsat 707 Loral FS-1300
16A Kosmos-2331 Progress Yantar'
17A IRS-P3 ISRO IRS
18A OV-104 Boeing NA Shuttle
19A GPS 33 Boeing NA GPS
20A Inmarsat III F1 LMT Series 4000
21A Astra 1F Hughes HS-601
22A M-SAT 1 Hughes HS-601
23A 77KSI No. 174-01 Krunichev TKS/77KS
24A MSX APL MSX
25A Kosmos-2332 Progress Zenit SA
26A USA TRW? Adv. VORTEX?
27A SAX Alenia SAX
28A Progress No. 231 Energiya 7K-TGM
29A USA 119 LMA?/NRL? TLD
29B USA 120 LMA?/NRL? Adv NOSS
29C USA 121 LMA?/NRL? Adv NOSS
29D USA 122 LMA?/NRL? Adv NOSS
29E USA 123/TIPS NRL TIPS
29F USA 124/TIPS NRL TIPS
- Kosmos Progress Yantar'/Kometa
30A Palapa C-2 Hughes HS-601
30B AMOS IAI AMOS
31A MSTI-3 SpectrumAstro MSTI-3
32A OV-105 Boeing NA Shuttle
32B Spartan 207 NASA-GSFC Spartan
32C IAE JPL/L'Garde IAE
32D PAMS STU NASA-GSFC STU
33A Galaxy 9 Hughes HS-376
34A Gorizont NPO PM Gorizont
- Cluster F1 Dornier Cluster
- Cluster F2 Dornier Cluster
- Cluster F3 Dornier Cluster
- Cluster F4 Dornier Cluster
35A Intelsat 709 Loral FS-1300
36A OV-102 Boeing NA Shuttle
36A Spacelab Spacelab
- Kosmos Progress Yantar'
37A TOMS TRW STEP/Eagle
38A USA 125 Hughes? SDS II?
39A Apstar 1A Hughes HS-376
40A Arabsat 2A Aerospatiale Spacebus 3000
40B Turksat 1C Aerospatiale Spacebus 2000
41A GPS 40 Boeing NA GPS
42A UHF F7 Hughes HS-601
43A Progress No. 232 Energia 7K-TGM
44A Italsat F2 Alenia Italsat
44B Telecom 2D MMS Eurostar 2000
45A Molniya-1T NPO PM Molniya
46A ADEOS Mitsubishi ADEOS
46B JAS 2 JARL Fuji
47A 7K-STM No. 73 Energiya 7K-STM
48A Zhongxing 7 Hughes HS-376
49A FAST NASA-GSFC SMEX
50B Interbol 2 Lavochkin SO-M2
50C Magion 5 Czech Magion
50A Microsatelite Cordoba Musat
51A Kosmos-2333 Yuzhnoe Tselina-2
52A Kosmos-2334 Polyot Parus
52B UNAMSat UNAM AMSAT Microsat
53A Inmarsat III F2 LMT Series 4000
54A GE 1 LMT Series A2100
55A Echostar II LMT Series 7000
56A GPS 30 Boeing NA GPS
57A OV-104 Boeing NA Shuttle
58A Ekspress No. 12 NPO PM Ekspress
59A FSW-2 China FSW
60A Molniya-3 NPO PM Molniya
61A SAC-B INVAP SAC
61A HETE AeroAstro HETE
62A MGS LMA MGS
63A Arabsat 2B Aerospatiale Spacebus 3000
63B Measat 2 Hughes HS-376
64A Mars-96 Lavochkin Fobos
65A OV-102 Boeing NA Shuttle
66A Progress No. 233 Energiya 7K-TGM
65B ORFEUS MBB ASTRO-SPAS
67A Hot Bird 2 MMS Eurostar 2000
65C WSF SII WSF
68A MPF JPL MPF
69A Kosmos-2335 Arsenal US-P
70A Inmarsat III F3 LMT Series 4000
71A Kosmos-2336 Polyot Parus
72A USA 128? Lockheed? Improved CRYSTAL?
73A Bion Progress Zenit
PART 3 - Abbreviations for Organizations
AeroAstro AeroAstro, Inc.
Aerospatiale Aerospatiale, Cannes, France
Arsenal KB Arsenal
Alenia Alenia Spazio, Italy
Americom GE American Communications
APL Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins Univ., Laurel, MD.
APT Asia Pacific Telecom, Hong Kong
Arabsat Arab Satellite Communications Organization
ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiano
Binariang Binariang Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia
BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
Boeing-NA Boeing North American (formerly Rockwell)
CIA Central Intelligence Agency, USA
CONAE Comisi'on Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Buenos Aires,
Cordoba Instituto Universitario Aeronautico de Cordoba, Argentina
CTBSC China Telecom and Broadcasting Satellite Corp
Czech Czech Republic
Dornier Dornier Satellitensysteme, Daimler-Benz Aerospace
Echostar Echostar Communications Corp.
Energiya RKK Energiya, Kaliningrad
FrTel France Telecom
Hughes Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo
IAI Israel Aircraft Industries
Informk. AO Informkosmos
Inmarsat International Maritime Satellite Organization
INVAP INVAP S.E., Argentina
ISRO Indian Space Research Organization
JARL Japanese Amateur Radio League
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory
KTel Korea Telecom, S Korea
Lavochkin NPO Lavochkin, Moskva
L'Garde L'Garde, Inc.
LMA Lockheed Martin Astronautics
LMT Lockheed Martin Telecommunications (formerly Astro Space)
Loral Space Systems/Loral
MBB Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm GmBh.
MMS Matra Marconi Space
MO RF Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
MSvyazi Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA
NASA-GSFC NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD.
NASA-JSC NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX.
NASDA National Space Development Agency, Japan
NII TP NII Tochnikh Priborov, Moskva.
NPO PM NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki, Krasnoyarsk-26.
NRL Naval Research Lab
NRO National Reconnaissance Office
NTT Nippon Telephone and Telegraph
Panamsat Panamsat Inc. Greenwich, Connecticut
Polyot AKO Polyot, Omsk
Progress TsSKB-Progress, Samara
RKA Russian Space Agency
Satelindo PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia
SES Societe Europeene des Satellites, Luxembourg
SII Space Industries Inc, Houston, Texas
SVEC Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, Houston, Texas
SpectrumAstro Spectrum Astro, Inc
Telesp. Nuova Telespazio, Italy
Turkey Turkish Posts and Telecom Ministry
USAF United States Air Force
USN United States Navy
Yuzhnoe KB Yuzhnoe, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
PART 4 - Launch Vehicles
Launch vehicles are listed by type, in order of number of
launches. The totals are similar to last year,
with a dramatic increase in the number of Deltas
and a continuing decline in the Soyuz launch rate.
US vehicles: Launched Failures
NASA Space Shuttle 7 0
Lockheed Martin Titan 4 0
Lockheed Martin Atlas 7 0
MDSSC Delta 10 0
OSC Pegasus 5 1*
Russian vehicles:
TsSKB-Progress Soyuz 12 2
Krunichev Proton 8 2*
Polyot Kosmos 4 0
Other vehicles:
Arianespace Ariane 10 0
Arianespace Ariane-5 1 1
NASDA H-II 1 0
China Long March 4 2 (1*)
Yuzhnoe Tsiklon 2 0
Yuzhnoe Zenit 1 0
ISRO PSLV 1 0
--------------------------------------------
Total 77 8
*: Reached an orbit despite failure
TsSKB-Progress Soyuz (12)
Feb 21 Soyuz-U GIK-5 LC1
Mar 14 Soyuz-U GIK-1 LC43/4
May 5 Soyuz-U GIK-5 LC1
May 14 Soyuz-U GIK-5 LC31
Jun 20 Soyuz-U GIK-1 LC16
Jul 31 Soyuz-U GIK-5 LC1
Aug 14 Molniya-M/ML GIK-1 LC43/3
Aug 17 Soyuz-U GIK-5 LC1
Aug 29 Molniya-M/2BL GIK-1 LC43/3
Oct 24 Molniya-M/ML GIK-1 LC43/4
Nov 19 Soyuz-U GIK-5 LC1
Dec 24 Soyuz-U GIK-1 LC43/4
McDonnell Douglas Delta (10)
Jan 14 Delta 231 Delta 7925 CC LC17B
Feb 17 Delta 232 Delta 7925-8 CC LC17B
Feb 24 Delta 233 Delta 7925 V SLC2W
Mar 28 Delta 234 Delta 7925 CC LC17A
Apr 24 Delta 235 Delta 7920-10 V SLC2W
May 24 Delta 236 Delta 7925 CC LC17B
Jul 16 Delta 237 Delta 7925A CC LC17A
Sep 12 Delta 238 Delta 7925A CC LC17A
Nov 7 Delta 239 Delta 7925A CC LC17A
Dec 4 Delta 240 Delta 7925A CC LC17B
Arianespace Ariane (10)
Jan 12 V82 Ariane 44L CSG ELA2
Feb 5 V83 Ariane 44P CSG ELA2
Mar 14 V84 Ariane 44LP CSG ELA2
Apr 20 V85 Ariane 42P CSG ELA2
May 16 V86 Ariane 44L CSG ELA2
Jun 15 V87 Ariane 44P CSG ELA2
Jul 9 V89 Ariane 44L CSG ELA2
Aug 8 V90 Ariane 44L CSG ELA2
Sep 11 V91 Ariane 42P CSG ELA2
Nov 13 V92 Ariane 44L CSG ELA2
Krunichev Proton (8)
Jan 25 Proton-K/DM2 GIK-5 LC200L
Feb 19 Proton-K/DM2 GIK-5 LC200L
Apr 8 390-01/DM3 1L Proton-AST/DM3 GIK-5 LC81L
Apr 23 Proton-K GIK-5 LC81L
May 25 DM2 100L Proton-K/DM2 GIK-5 LC200L
Sep 6 Proton-K/DM1 GIK-5 LC81L
Sep 26 Proton-K/DM2M GIK-5 LC200L
Nov 16 Proton-K/D2 GIK-5 LC200L
NASA Space Shuttle (7)
Jan 11 STS-72 Shuttle KSC LC39B
Feb 22 STS-75 Shuttle KSC LC39B
Mar 22 STS-76 Shuttle KSC LC39B
May 19 STS-77 Shuttle KSC LC39B
Jun 20 STS-78 Shuttle KSC LC39B
Sep 16 STS-79 Shuttle KSC LC39A
Nov 19 STS-80 Shuttle KSC LC39B
Lockheed Martin Atlas (7)
Feb 1 AC-126 Atlas IIAS CC LC36B
Apr 3 AC-122 Atlas IIA CC LC36A
Apr 30 AC-78 Atlas I CC LC36B
Jul 25 AC-125 Atlas II CC LC36A
Sep 8 AC-123 Atlas IIA CC LC36B
Nov 21 AC-124 Atlas IIA CC LC36A
Dec 17 AC-129 Atlas IIA CC LC36A
Orbital Sciences Pegasus (5)
Mar 9 Pegasus XL V RW30/12
May 17 Pegasus V RW30/12
Jul 2 Pegasus XL V RW30/12
Aug 21 Pegasus XL V RW30/12
Nov 4 Pegasus XL WI
Lockheed Martin Titan (4)
Apr 24 K-16 Titan 401 CC LC41
May 12 K-22 Titan 403 V SLC4E
Jul 3 K-2 Titan 404 CC LC40
Dec 20 K-13 TItan 403 V SLC4E
Polyot Kosmos-3M (4)
Jan 16 Kosmos-3M GIK-1 LC132/1
Apr 24 Kosmos-3M GIK-1 LC132/1
Sep 5 Kosmos-3M GIK-1 LC132/1
Dec 20 Kosmos-3M GIK-1 LC132
Chinese Chang Zheng (4)
Feb 14 CZ-3B Xichang LC2
Jul 3 CZ-3 Xichang LC1
Aug 18 CZ-3 Xichang LC1
Oct 20 CZ-2D Jiuquan
Yuzhnoe Tsiklon (2)
Feb 19 Tsiklon-3 GIK-1 LC32/1
Dec 11 Tsiklon-2 GIK-5 LC90L
Arianespace Ariane 5 (1)
Jun 4 V88 Ariane 5 CSG ELA3
Yuzhnoe Zenit-2 (1)
Sep 4 Zenit-2 GIK-5 LC45L
ISRO Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (1)
Mar 21 PSLV-D3 PSLV Sriharikota
NASDA H-II (1)
Aug 17 4F H-II Tanegashima
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.
| Jonathan McDowell | phone : (617) 495-7176 |
| Harvard-Smithsonian Center for | |
| Astrophysics | |
| 60 Garden St, MS6 | |
| Cambridge MA 02138 | inter : jcm@urania.harvard.edu |
| USA | jmcdowell@cfa.harvard.edu |
| |
| JSR: http://hea-www.harvard.edu/QEDT/jcm/space/jsr/jsr.html |
| Back issues: ftp://sao-ftp.harvard.edu/pub/jcm/space/news/news.* |
'-------------------------------------------------------------------------'
[ Obsah | Novinky v kosmonautice | Archiv startů ]
Pokud není uvedeno jinak, jsou použité fotografie z NASA (viz. Using NASA Imagery) a dalších volně přístupných zdrojů.
